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专利英语加词、减词及变换翻译

英文专利的翻译一般采取直译的方式。而当句中的某些名词、不及物动词或代词单独译出意思不够明确或不清楚时,可以参照上下文,采取加词、减词或变换的方式使句子翻译得更清楚简明。

 

一、加词

 

1. These later applications will then be regarded as if they has been filed on the same day as the earliest application.

 

这些在先申请的申请日被视为与在先申请同一天申请的。(增加“申请日”,与后句的“day”相对应)

 

2. The present invention relates generally to hand - held kitchen tools and more particularly to a generally Y 一 shape hand 一 held peeler with a pivotal protecting guard which safeguards the peeler blade(s) when not in use.

 

本发明整体上涉及一种手持式厨房用具,具体而言,本发明涉及一种大体为Y形的手持打皮器,这种手持打皮器设置有一个可转动的防护件,在打皮器不用时,该防护件能够保护打皮器的刀片。(增加“这种手持打皮器”及“该防护件”,将一个长句分成若干短句,通顺,易懂)

 

3. This invention relates to refrigeration appliances, and in particular to enclosures therefor.

 

本发明是关于冷藏设备的,更准确地说,本发明介绍的是冷藏设备的外壳。

 

(增加“本发明介绍的是冷藏设备的”。In particular to之后的外壳是对之前的refrigeration appliances的限定,翻译时增加句子成分使整句更清楚)

 

二、减词

 

4. This substance we call water, and come next only to oxygen.

 

这种物质称为水,其重要性仅次于氧。(在and和come next之间,省略this substance。此结构的特点是,把宾语提到句首,使之兼任后一分句的主语,达到简化句子结构的目的。汉译时,仍先译宾语,不必改变原文的语序)

 

5. The bodies may either repel or attract each other are called electrified body.

 

人们将相互排斥或相互吸引的物体叫带电体。

 

(在“The bodies”与“may”之间省略“which”。本句为定语从句,which为关联词,省去)

 

6. Candidates are also expected to draft an introduction, i.e. that part of the description which precedes the examples or the explanation of the drawings. The introduction should be sufficient to provide support for the independent claim(s) . In particular, candidates should give consideration to the advisability of mentioning the advantages of the invention in the introduction.

 

考生还应撰写一个部分说明书的内容,即说明书的具体实施方式或附图说明前的那部分内容。该介绍应充分地支持独立权利要求。特别注意的是,考生应在该内容中对比现有技术写明发明的有益效果。

 

(将“ draft an introduction,i. e. that part of the description”简化,原译为“撰写一个介绍,即部分说明书的内容”简化为“撰写一个部分说明书的内容”)

 

三、变换

 

7. The working stress allowable is based not only upon the material but also upon the type of loading.

 

许可工作应力不仅根据材料来定,而且要根据负荷的类型来定。(定语前置,形容词作名词译,”allowable”译成“许可”)

 

8. It is an object of the present invention to provide a chromium plating bath by means of which it is possible to obviate or at least mitigate the aforesaid difficulties encountered with the commercially available chromium plating baths of the kind hereinbefore described.

 

本发明的目的是提供一种镀铬溶液,使用这种镀液能够避免上述工业镀铬溶液中所遇到的问题,至少也能减少上述存在的问题。(译成“目的”。“object”有多种含义,物体,对象,目的,宾语,反对等,在本句中应译成目的)

 

9. What is claimed is :

 

An amplifier having an improved high gain compound bipolar transistor arrangement,

 

comprising :

 

权利要求:

 

一种改进的高增益复合双极晶体管电路的放大器,它包括:

 

 (译成“权利要求”。“ What is claimed is”本意为“所主张的是”,在专利英语中译成权利要求)

​来源:译问 https://www.qidulp.com/article/p/5126

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